How do you create and apply migrations in Django?

Migrations in Django are used to propagate changes you make to your models (adding a field, deleting a model, etc.) into the database schema. To create and apply migrations, follow these steps:

1. Make changes to your models in models.py.
2. Run

   python manage.py makemigrations

   to create a migration file.
3. Run

   python manage.py migrate

   to apply the migration to the database.

This process ensures your database schema is synchronized with your models. For instance, if you add a new field published_date to a model, running these commands updates the database accordingly.